The first thing you really have to make sure of is that there is a control on the turntable which allows you to adjust the pitch (the pace at which the record will be played at) of the record. Just a 33 or 45rpm setting is not enough. You’re looking for something that will allow the pitch to be adjusted by AT LEAST + or – 8%. The larger the pitch control, the better. One that runs most of the right hand side of the turntable is preferred and is the industry standard for pitch control. The length allows more fine adjustments than just a small control on the front of the unit (see the Gemini XL-100 as the method you DON’T want to get.

b. Slipmats

The purpose of the slip mat is to reduce the friction between the record and the turntable to the point where you can hold the record still, and the turntable will still turn underneath it (which is yet ANOTHER problem with basic, cheap decks, their power is so weak that this won’t happen). The setup should go like this:- At the very bottom, is the deck plate in all it’s shiny glory (make sure to take off the removable rubber mat that comes with the deck (NOT the rubber coating, the rubber mat). On top of that goes the slipmat, and on top of that goes your finest record.

c. Mixers

The purpose of the mixer is to change the sound you can hear from one turntables output to the other ones, without having a break in sound. Typically, this means that deck 1 is in Channel 1 and deck 2 is in Channel 2. To change from one channel to another, a cross fader is normally included on the mixer, which, as you move it, moves the sound from one deck to the other.

d. Cartridges and needles

These are what transfer the vibrations caused by the grooves in the record to sound. The needle (Stylus) itself sits inside the groove of the record, and as the record passes through it, it vibrates. The cartridge hold the needle, which is then screwed onto the headshell, which is locked onto the tonearm – all of which translate the vibrations to an electrical signal which is turned into the music that you hear.

BASIC MIXING
Now, let’s start with the basics. The mixing table. A normal mixing table has a number of mono and stereo channels. We are only interested in stereo channels. Every channel has

• A gain. This can be found on all mixing devices. This changes the pre-amplification of the signal before it goes to the volume fader. The gain should be set as high as possible without clipping or distorting the music.
• An equalizer. Depending on the mixing table it is a parametric or non-parametric equalizer. A non parametric equalizer is a filter which weakens or strengthens a signal in a certain frequency range. E.g, if a mixing table has three knobs, one with 11kHz, one with 3kHz and one with 100Hz it is a non-parametric equalizer. On the other hand if we have a mixing table with 4 knobs, 11kHz, 100Hz and a knob which let you choose the frequency and another knob which let you choose the strength of that frequency then it is a parametric equalizer. When changing the equalizing, the gain has to be changed too. E.g., when cutting down the bass, the gain can be raised.

Warning: the human ear becomes accustomed to a certain frequency spectrum. So, avoid the trap of equalizing everything too sharp. If you see (you won’t hear it) that your equalizing is completely out of balance fix it slowly. In fact not that many (modern) songs need equalizing anymore.

Fatal: Some DJ’s like to turn their three equalizer buttons completely to the right when they play. This should not be done because it modifies the sound and often removes critical information from the music. Normally the sound is unmodified if all equalizers are set to 0, not to +15dB.

• A volume slider, which allows you to change the volume which goes to the main mix. Most mixing tables can go to +15 dB, but there is no use in that. Avoid the trap of raising the volume relatively to each other until the two songs are playing at +15 dB and you can’t get higher. Volume 0 should be the maximum volume you apply.
• A PFL button. PFL stands for pre-fader-listening. If you push this button, regardless of the volume fader you will get the complete signal in your headphone/monitors.
• A monitor is a set of boxes next to you which gives you what you hear in your headphones.
• A balance, which lets you choose whether you hear the left or the right channel for stereo channels. For mono channels the balance is replaced by a pan, which lets you direct the signal to the left or to the right. For mixing purposes a balance is not necessary. Just don’t forget to place it in the center
• Eventually AUX sends. These are buttons to change the volume of the channels going to an effect unit. These can be pre-fader or post-fader and are often no use for a DJ without an effect unit.
• A mute button, which mutes the sound completely: nothing is send out over the AUX sends, nothing is send to the main mix and sometimes nothing is send to the pre-listener. The latter depends on the kind of mixing table.

Aside from all these things for every channel we have

• A volume indicator which shows you the pre-listening signal, or if there is nothing to pre-listen the main-signal.
• A main volume, which changes the volume in the room. This typically builds up as the room gets filled. But shouldn’t be touched normally. If you want to change the volume, change the channel-volume, or gain if it was set too low.
• A phones volume, which changes the volume send to your headphone.
• A monitor volume, which changes the volume of the speakers next to you.
• A cross fader between two channels

Watch as he explains in detail how to do the Basic DJ mixing techniques.